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J. W. MGKNIGHT.

ARTIFICIAL PAVEMENT.

Patented Aug. 7, 1888.

(No Model.)

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PATENT JOHN W1 MACKNIGHT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ARTIFICIAL PAVEMENT.

SPECIFICATON forming part of Letters Patent No. 387,308, dated August 7, 1888..

Application tiled June 26, 1888.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that l, JOHN NV. MACKNIGHT, of New York city, New York, have invented a new and Improved Artificial Pavement, of which the following is a specication.

rllhis invention relates to an improvement upon Letters Patent No. 378,295, granted to me November l5, 1887. That patent describes an articial pavementin which the curbing, as well as the top layer of the sidewalk proper, is formed from a composition or cement.

The present invention has for its object to so shape the curbing that its main body, as well as the arris, will be protected against fracture owingr to the impact of wheels that back up against orl strike the curb.

Theinvention also relates to an improvenientin the formation of one of the layers con1- posing the pavement.

The invention consists in the various features ot'improvement more fully pointed out in the claims.

The accompanying drawing represents a vertical transverse section of an artificial pavement constructed according to my invention.

The letter a represents the lowerniost layer of an artificial pavement, consisting of irregular rocks with a front edging, a. Upon this layer there is placed the second layer, I), of coal-ashes.

c is the third layer, consisting of one part of ashes,one part of sand,and asnitable quantity of cement. Upon the layer c there is placed the top layer, d, composed of crushed traprock and cement. The two uppermost layers, c cl, are turned downward at the curb at an obtuse angle, as at c d', to form the curbing. The upright portion c of layer c is placed upon a foundatiomcmade of the same material, and projects both beneath the curbing d and beneath the rocks a. This foundation c2 prevents water that passes between the stones of a roadway from percolating through and undermining the foundation of the artificial pavement, and thus also protects the pavement against the action of the frost. While laying the foundation c2, ajoist is embedded into it, which is subsequently withdrawn. The space thus formed is lled out by a wedge, c3,-made of the same material as Serial No. 273,255. (No model.)

upper layer,d. This wedge prevents the pavement from becoming disturbed or shifted by reason of the pressure of the roadway against the curbing.

e is the arris of the sidewalk, and e3 the arris for the curb. The arris c3 constitutes the lower edge of a groove, e2, and this groove is strongly curved or inclined downward, so that the water will tlow down evenly over arris e and over the face of the curb d', and will not settle in the groove c2 or flow down in streaks. The corner of the pavement at the curb is made in the form .of a rounded forwardly-projecting bead, c, that extends beyond the main line of curb d-that is to say, if the inclined line of curbing d is extended upward (as per dotted. line in the drawing) it will pass back of the bead c. In this way a projection or nose is formed that will receive the impact of wheel A of any size and save the curbing proper and the arris from being injured. The curbing d may bc inadein one piece with upper layer, d, or it may be made separate therefrom.

What I claim is- 1. The combination of an artificial pave ment having a foundation and two upper layers, c d, that are bent down at the curb, with the' laterally-extending foundation c2 of layer c, and with the key c3 within such foundation, substantially as specified.

2. The combination of an artificial pavement with a composite curbing, d', having a bead, e, that projects forwardly beyond the line of the curbing, substantially as speciiied;

3. The combination of an artificial pavement having upper layer, d, with a composite curbing, d', joined to theupper layer at an obtuse angle, and provided with forwardly-projecting bead e and with the groove esubstan tially as specified.

4. The combination of an artificial pavement, consisting of a series of layers,of which the upper layer is curved downward at the curb,with a bead,e,'projecting forwardly from the upper corner of the curb, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

JOHN W'. -llLioKNIGHFD Vtnesses:

F. v. BREsnN, A. JoNeHMANs. 

